Cells, Tissues, Organs and Organ System

WHAT MAKES SOMETHING LIVING?

In order for something to be considered living, it should carry out all the 7 life processes: movement, reproduction, sensitivity, growth, respiration, excretion and nutrition

WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CELLS, TISSUES AND ORGANS?

Organs are made up of different tissues working together. Tissues are made up of cells of the same type to carry out a function. Cells are the smallest unit of life that carry out all seven life processes.

WHAT’S THE FUNCTION OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM?

Circulatory system uses blood to transport oxygen and nutrients to all body cells and remove carbon dioxide.

WHAT’S THE FUNCTION OF THE RESPIRATORY (GAS EXCHANGE) SYSTEM?

Respiratory (Gas exchange) System helps take in oxygen into our body and remove carbon dioxide.

WHAT’S THE FUNCTION OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM?

Digestive system helps break down large food molecules into smaller nutrients that can be absorbed into blood.

WHAT’S THE FUNCTION OF THE URINARY SYSTEM?

Urinary system helps to excrete waste and extra water from the blood.

WHAT’S THE FUNCTION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM?

Nervous system helps respond to stimuli by transmiting electrical impulses along nerves.

WHAT’S THE FUNCTION OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM?

Skeletal system helps provide movement, protection and support.

NAME A PLANT ORGAN SYSTEM AND STATE ITS FUNCTION.

The water transport system in plants takes water from the ground up to the leaves.

The root system anchors the plant and absorbs water and minerals which get carried to the shoot system.

WHAT’S THE FUNCTION OF THE BRAIN?

Brain - muscle control and coordination, sensory reception and integration, speech production, memory storage, and processing of thought and emotion.

WHAT’S THE FUNCTION OF THE HEART?

Heart - pumps blood through the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions.

WHAT’S THE FUNCTION OF THE LUNGS?

Lungs - provide oxygen from inhaled air to the bloodstream and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.

WHAT’S THE FUNCTION OF THE LIVER?

Liver - helps break down fats by producing bile, produces urea, detoxifies blood and maintains a proper level of glucose in the blood.

WHAT’S THE FUNCTION OF THE STOMACH?

Stomach - digestion of food through production of gastric juices (including hydrochloric acid) which break down, mix and churn the food into a thin liquid.

WHAT’S THE FUNCTION OF THE SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINES?

Intestines - the small intestine absorbs most ingested food in the blood. The large intestine is responsible for absorption of water and excretion of solid waste material.

WHAT’S THE FUNCTION OF THE KIDNEYS?

Kidneys - maintain the body’s chemical balance by excreting waste products and excess fluid in the form of urine.

WHAT’S THE FUNCTION OF THE BLADDER?

Bladder- stretches to store urine and contracts to release urine.

WHAT’S THE FUNCTION OF PLANT ROOTS?

Roots - anchor the plant to the ground and absorb water and minerals from the ground.

WHAT’S THE FUNCTION OF THE STEM OF A PLANT?

Stem- holds the plant upright and transports water and nutrients from roots to the leaves.

WHAT’S THE FUNCTION OF LEAVES?

Leaves - trap sunlight to make food for the plant by the process of photosynthesis.

WHAT’S THE FUNCTION OF PLANT BULBS, TUBERS & STORAGE ROOTS?

Plant storage organs e.g. bulbs, storage roots and tubers - store food and water for the plant to use when needed.

WHICH TISSUES ARE FOUND IN THE HEART?

  1. Muscle tissue - contains cardiac muscle cells.

2. Nerve tissue - made up of nerve cells

3. Fat tissue - made up of fat cells.

DESCRIBE THREE TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE

  1. Cardiac muscle tissue - found in the heart

2. Smooth muscle tissue - found in walls of internal organs.

3. Skeletal muscle tissue - attached to bones

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF FAT TISSUE?

The layer of fat tissue under the skin insulates the body to keep it warm. Pads of fat act as shock absorbers and support and cushion vital organs. The stored fat also provide energy when required.

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE?

It forms the covering of all body surfaces.

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF ROOT HAIR TISSUE?

Root hair tissue absorbs water and minerals from the soil.

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF PHLOEM?

Phloem transports nutrients and food up and down the plant and into storage organs

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF XYLEM?

Xylem tissue transports water up the plant from the roots

HOW ARE RED BLOOD CELLS ADAPTED FOR THEIR FUNCTION?

  • They have a biconcave shape which provides a large surface area for oxygen to pass into them.
  • They contain hemoglobin which joins with oxygen.
  • They have no nucleus so there is maximum space for oxygen to be carried

HOW ARE NERVE CELLS ADAPTED FOR THEIR FUNCTION?

  • They are long and connected to each other.
  • They can carry electrical signals.

HOW IS THE EGG CELL (OVUM) ADAPTED FOR ITS FUNCTION?

  • It is large as it carries a food store in the form of yolk in its cytoplasm for the embryo.

HOW IS THE SPERM CELL ADAPTED FOR ITS FUNCTION?

  • It has a long tail for swimming towards the egg.
  • It has a head that allows it to enter the egg.

HOW IS THE CILIATED EPITHELIAL CELL ADAPTED FOR ITS FUNCTION?

  • It contains hair-like structures called cilia which waft away the germs and dust particles away from lungs into the mouth for us to swallow or spit out.

HOW IS THE ROOT HAIR CELL ADAPTED FOR ITS FUNCTION?

  • It is long and thin so it provides a large surface area for maximum absorption of water and minerals.

HOW IS THE PALISADE CELL ADAPTED FOR ITS FUNCTION?

  • It has lots of chloroplasts so that it can carry out maximum photosynthesis.

WHICH CELL ORGANELLES ARE FOUND IN PLANT CELLS BUT NOT IN ANIMAL CELLS?

Chloroplasts, Cell wall, Large vacuole.

WHICH CELL ORGANELLES ARE FOUND IN PLANT CELLS AND ALSO IN ANIMAL CELLS?

Nucleus, Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria.

WHICH CELL ORGANELLE CONTROLS WHAT GOES IN AND OUT OF THE CELL?

Cell membrane

WHICH CELL ORGANELLE CONTROLS THE CELL?

Nucleus

WHICH CELL ORGANELLE IS THE SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

Chloroplast

WHICH CELL ORGANELLE IS THE SITE OF RESPIRATION?

Mitochondria

WHICH PLANT CELL ORGANELLE STORES CELL SAP?

Large Vacuole

WHICH CELL ORGANELLES ARE INVOLVED IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, TRANSPORT & PACKAGING?

Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi apparatus

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE JELLY LIKE LIQUID SUBSTANCE IN A CELL THAT HOLDS ALL CELL ORGANELLES AND IS WHERE CHEMICAL REACTIONS TAKE PLACE?

Cytoplasm